Incidence of falls among empty nesters in China: a meta-analysis / 预防医学

Objective@#To systematically evaluate the incidence of falls among empty nesters in China, so as to provide the evidence for preventing falls among empty nesters.@*Methods@#Publications pertaining to cross-sectional studies of falls among empty nesters in China were retrieved from international and national databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PubMed from inception to August, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using the software Stata 15.1, and the combined incidence and 95%CI of falls among empty nesters in China was analyzed. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method to evaluate the stability of outcome indicators. In addition, the publication bias was evaluated using Funnel plot. @*Results@#Initially, 795 articles were screened in the literature, and 17 articles were finally included, covering 5 468 participants. Meta-analysis revealed that the incidence of falls among empty nesters in China was 23.0% (95%CI: 16.6%-29.5%). Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of falls among empty nesters published from 2016 to 2022 was higher than that from 2008 to 2015 (20.4% vs. 17.3%; P<0.05). The incidence of falls among empty nesters in western regions was higher than that in eastern and central regions (27.4% vs. 15.9% and 15.0%; P<0.05). The incidence of falls among empty nesters in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (20.8% vs. 9.9%; P<0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed that the study results were stable, and the funnel plot identified some publication bias. @*Conclusion@#The incidence of falls among empty nesters in China was 16.6% to 29.5%, and it is recommended to strengthen the assessment and prevention of risk factors of falls among empty nesters.

Ultrasound versus contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for subclinical synovitis and tenosynovitis: a diagnostic performance study

OBJECTIVES: Radiographic manifestations of synovitis (e.g., erosions) can be observed only in the late stage of rheumatoid arthritis. Ultrasound is a noninvasive, cheap, and widely available technique that enables the evaluation of inflammatory changes in the peripheral joint. In the same way, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables qualitative and quantitative measurements. The objectives of the study were to compare the sensitivity and accuracy of ultrasound in detecting subclinical synovitis and tenosynovitis with those of contrast-enhanced MRI. METHODS: The ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced MRI findings of the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints (n=450) of 75 patients with a history of joint pain and morning stiffness between 6 weeks and 2 years were reviewed. The benefits score was evaluated for each modality. RESULTS: The ultrasonic findings showed inflammation in 346 (77%) joints, while contrast-enhanced MRI found signs of early rheumatoid arthritis in 372 (83%) joints. The sensitivities of ultrasound and contrast-enhanced MRI were 0.795 and 0.855, respectively, and the accuracies were 0.769 and 0.823, respectively. Contrast-enhanced MRI had a likelihood of 0-0.83 and ultrasound had a likelihood of 0-0.77 for detecting synovitis and tenosynovitis at one time. The two imaging modalities were equally competitive for detecting synovitis and tenosynovitis (p=0.055). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound could be as sensitive and specific as contrast-enhanced MRI for the diagnosis of subclinical synovitis and tenosynovitis.

Resveratrol reduces store-operated Ca2+ entry and enhances the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in adjuvant arthritis rats model via targeting ORAI1-STIM1 complex

BACKGROUND: Resveratrol was reported to trigger the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes In adjuvant arthritis rats but the subcellular mechanism remains unclear. Since ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress were involved in the effects of resveratrol with imbalance of calcium bio-transmission, store operated calcium entry (SOCE), a novel intracellular calcium regulatory pathway, may also participate in this process. RESULTS: In the present study, Resveratrol was found to suppress ORAI1 expression of a dose dependent manner while have no evident effects on STIM1 expressive level. Besides, resveratrol had no effects on ATP or TG induced calcium depletion but present partly dose-dependent suppression of SOCE. On the one hand, microinjection of ORAI1 overexpressed vector in sick toe partly counteracted the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on adjuvant arthritis and serum inflammatory cytokine including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α. On the other hand, ORAI1 SiRNA injection provided slight relief to adjuvant arthritis in rats. In addition, ORAI1 overexpression partly diminished the alleviation of hemogram abnormality induced by adjuvant arthritis after resveratrol treatment while ORAI1 knockdown presented mild resveratrol-like effect on hemogram in rats model. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that resveratrol reduced store-operated Ca2+ entry and enhanced the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in adjuvant arthritis rats model via targeting ORAI1-STIM1 complex, providing a theoretical basis for ORAI1 targeted therapy in future treatment with resveratrol on rheumatoid arthritis.

Study on Multi-density Contrast Agent Fillers of Duct Casting Based on CT Three-Dimensional Reconstruction / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The three-dimensional visualization model of human body duct is based on virtual anatomical structure reconstruction with duct angiography,which realizes virtual model transferred from two-dimensional,planar and static images into three-dimensional,stereoscopic and dynamic ones repectively.In recent years,the multi-duct segmentation and division of the same specimen (or organ) is the focus of attention shared by surgeons and clinical anatomists.On the basis of 4.22 g/cm3 body bone density,this study has screened out metal oxide contract agent with different density for infusion and modeling,as well as compared and analyzed the effects of three-dimensional image of CT virtual bronchoscopy (CTVB),three-dimensional image of CT maximum intensity projection and three-dimensional model.This experiment result showed synchronously infusing multi-duct of same specimen (or organ) with contrast agent in different densities could reconstruct three-dimensional models of all ducts once only and adjust threshold to develop single or multiple ducts.It was easier to segment and observe the duct structure,anastomosis,directions and crossing in different parts,which was beyond comparison with three-dimensional image of CTVB.Although the existing three-dimensional duct reconstruction techniques still cannot be applied in living bodies temporarily,this study focused on a creative design of ducts segmentation in different density,which proposed a new experimental idea for developing multi-duct three-dimensional model in living body in the future.It will play a significant role in disease diagnosis and individual design in surgical treatment program.Therefore,this study observes the three-dimensional status of human duct with the application of contrast agent fillers in different density,combined with three-dimensional reconstruction technology.It provides an innovative idea and method for constructing three-dimensional model of digital multi-duct specimen,and the ultimate goal is to develop the digitized virtual human and precise medical treatment better and faster.